• JRMC submissions are screened for plagiarism using "Turnitin" as per Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (HEC) policy
• Similarity Index by Turnitin must be <19%, and from a single source, it must be <5%.
• Similarity Index for Artificial Intelligence should be < 5%.
• Plagiarism, data fabrication, and image manipulation are not acceptable.
• Plagiarism includes copying text, ideas, images, or data from another source, even from your own publications, without giving any credit to the original source.
• Reuse of text that is copied from another source must be between quotes and the original source must be cited. If a study's design or the manuscript's structure or language has been inspired by previous works, these works must be explicitly cited.
• If plagiarism is detected during the peer review process, the manuscript may be rejected. If plagiarism is detected after publication, we may publish a correction or retract the paper.
• Image files must not be manipulated or adjusted in any way that could lead to misinterpretation of the information provided by the original image.
• Irregular manipulation includes: 1) introduction, enhancement, moving, or removing features from the original image; 2) grouping of images that should obviously be presented separately (e.g., from different parts of the same image, or from different image); or 3) modifying the contrast, brightness or color balance to obscure, eliminate or enhance some information.
• If irregular image manipulation is identified and confirmed during the peer review process, we may reject the manuscript. If irregular image manipulation is identified and confirmed after publication, we may correct or retract the paper.
• Any allegations of publication misconduct will be investigated by JRMC Editorial Staff who may contact the authors' institutions, funders, appropriate bodies if necessary. If evidence of misconduct is found, appropriate action will be taken to correct or retract the publication.

Text Recycling or Self Plagiarism

Text recycling, also known as self-plagiarism, occurs when substantial parts of an author's previously published text are reused without proper attribution. Unlike true plagiarism, which involves using someone else's work, text recycling is assessed case-by-case, considering factors such as the amount of recycled text, its location within the manuscript, whether the source is acknowledged, the type of article (research or non-research), potential copyright issues, and cultural norms. In the introduction or background, limited recycling may be unavoidable but should be minimal and cited. Methods sections can have some text recycling if methods are consistently described with appropriate citations. Recycling in the results section is rarely acceptable unless there is a justified extension of previously published data. In discussions and conclusions, text recycling should be minimal, focusing on novel content. JRMC uses Turnitin to identify such overlap, and actions range from minor revisions (in cases of minimal overlap) to rejection or retraction for significant overlap.