Official publication of Rawalpindi Medical University
Effect Of Zinc And Ingredients Of Protein Supplement On Sperm Parameters And Male Reproductive Hormones- An RCT Study

Supplementary Files

PDF

How to Cite

1.
Safdar S, Mughal IA, Ain NU, Jabeen S, Farooq MH, Irfan A. Effect Of Zinc And Ingredients Of Protein Supplement On Sperm Parameters And Male Reproductive Hormones- An RCT Study. JRMC [Internet]. 2023 Dec. 30 [cited 2024 Dec. 10];27(4). Available from: https://journalrmc.com/index.php/JRMC/article/view/2342

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the protective effects of zinc against injury to sperm parameters and male reproductive hormones brought on by toxic protein supplement constituents.

Methods: 30 male Sprague Dawley rats were used in the study, of which 10 were in Group 1 (given standard laboratory food), 10 were in Group 2, fed standard laboratory food nutritional supplement powder and 10 were in Group 3, fed standard laboratory food, nutritional supplement powder and zinc. Semen Analysis of Male Sprague Dawley rats of all 3 groups was evaluated after 8 weeks. Sperm parameters and serum levels of Male Reproductive Hormones were measured at the beginning and the end of the study.

Results: There was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in Mean ± SEM of sperm count millions /ml, sperm motility (%), and normal sperm morphology (%) in Group 2 rats when compared with Group 1. Zinc supplement in Group 3 caused a significant increase (P<0.05) in Mean ± SEM of sperm parameters including sperm count millions /ml, sperm motility (%) and normal sperm morphology (%) as compared to Group 2 rats.

Mean ± SEM of serum level of testosterone Hormone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone(FSH), and Luteinizing Hormone(LH) of Group 2 rats showed a significant (P<0.05) decrease when compared with Group 1 rats. However, the use of Zinc in Group 3 rats significantly (P<0.05) increased serum Testosterone, FSH, and LH levels when compared to Group 2. No significant difference was noted between serum levels of Testosterone, in Group 1 and Group 3. Serum levels of FSH and LH in Group 3 rats (484.81+ 78.17 ng/ml) were significantly increased (P<0.05) as compared to Group 1 rats.

Conclusion: Regular addition of antioxidant Zinc with protein supplements has the potential to restore normal functions of the male reproductive system.

Keywords: Protein supplements, Soy Protein, Silicon dioxide, Zinc, Sperm parameters, Testosterone, Follicle stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone.

https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i4.2342

References

Ketheeswaran S, Haahr T, Povlsen B, Laursen R, Alsbjerg B, Elbaek H, Esteves SC, Humaidan P. Protein supplementation intake for bodybuilding and resistance training may impact sperm quality of subfertile men undergoing fertility treatment: a pilot study. Asian journal of andrology. 2019 Mar;21(2):208.

Andriani D, Pangkahila W, Aman IGM. The administration of supplements milk with high protein of whey increased estrogen levels but did not affect testosterone levels in male wistar rat ( Rattus norvegicus ). 2019;(March).

Naclerio F, Seijo M.

Whey protein supplementation and muscle mass: current perspectives

. Nutr Diet Suppl. 2019;Volume 11:37–48.

Deota P, Chandorkar S. Composition of Protein Supplements - A Web Based Survey. Int J Sci Res. 2016;5(11):786–9.

Martin SJ, Sherley M, McLeod M. Adverse effects of sports supplements in men. Aust Prescr. 2018;41(1):10–3.

Hooper L, Ryder JJ, Kurzer MS, Lampe JW, Messina MJ, Phipps WR, et al. Effects of soy protein and isoflavones on circulating hormone concentrations in pre- and post-menopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2009;15(4):423–40.

Younes M, Aggett P, Aguilar F, Crebelli R, Dusemund B, Filipič M, et al. Re-evaluation of silicon dioxide (E 551) as a food additive. EFSA J. 2018;16(1):1–70.

Cederroth CR, Zimmermann C, Nef S. Soy, phytoestrogens and their impact on reproductive health. Mol Cell Endocrinol [Internet]. 2012;355(2):192–200. Available from: DOI:10.1016/j.mce.2011.05.049

Plotan M, Elliott CT, Frizzell C, Connolly L. Estrogenic endocrine disruptors present in sports supplements. A risk assessment for human health. Food Chem [Internet]. 2014;159:157–65. DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.153

Horie M, Nishio K, Kato H, Endoh S, Fujita K, Nakamura A, Hagihara Y, Yoshida Y, Iwahashi H. Evaluation of cellular effects of silicon dioxide nanoparticles. Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods. 2014 Mar 1;24(3):196-203.

Gong C, Tao G, Yang L, Liu J, He H, Zhuang Z. The role of reactive oxygen species in silicon dioxide nanoparticle-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in HaCaT cells. Mol Biol Rep. 2012;39(4):4915–25.

Fallah A, Mohammad-Hasani A, Colagar AH. Zinc is an essential element for male fertility: a review of Zn roles in men’s health, germination, sperm quality, and fertilization. Journal of reproduction & infertility. 2018 Apr;19(2):69.

Miranda DT, Batista VG, Grando FC, Paula FM, Felício CA, Rubbo GF, Fernandes LC, Curi R, Nishiyama A. Soy lecithin supplementation alters macrophage phagocytosis and lymphocyte response to concanavalin A: a study in alloxan‐induced diabetic rats. Cell Biochemistry and Function: Cellular biochemistry and its modulation by active agents or disease. 2008 Dec;26(8):859-65.

United States Department of Agriculture. Silicon Dioxide - Handling/Processing. Tech Eval Rep. 2010;1–13.

Razavi S, Khadivi F, Hashemi F, Bakhtiari A. Effect of zinc on spermatogenesis and sperm chromatin condensation in bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin treated rats. Cell J. 2019;20(4):521–6.

Zou W, Yang Y, Gu Y, Zhu P, Zhang M, Cheng Z, et al. Repeated blood collection from tail vein of non-anesthetized rats with a vacuum blood collection system. J Vis Exp. 2017;2017(130):1–6.

Lee G, Goosens KA. Sampling blood from the lateral tail vein of the rat. J Vis Exp. 2015;2015(99):1–5.

Hashem NM, El-din ANMN, Kamel KI, Hassan GA. SC. Anim Reprod Sci [Internet]. 2019; DOI:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.02.007

Kefer JC, Agarwal A, Sabanegh E. Role of antioxidants in the treatment of male infertility. Int J Urol. 2009;16(5):449–57.

Chavarro JE, Toth TL, Sadio SM, Hauser R. Soy food and isoflavone intake in relation to semen quality parameters among men from an infertility clinic. Hum Reprod. 2008;23(11):2584–90.

Adelakun SA, Ogunlade B, Omotoso OD, Oyewo OO. Role of Aqueous Crude Leaf Extract of Senecio Biafrae Combined With Zinc on Testicular Function of Adult Male Sprague Dawley Rats. J Fam Reprod Heal. 2018;12(1):8–17.

Modaresi M. Effect of soybean on levels of LH, FSH and testosterone hormones and testis in adult male mice. Nat Environ Pollut Technol. 2011;10(3):337–42.

Nurdiana N, Mayangsari E, Lestari B, Setiawan B. Hormonal changes and spermatogenesis of male rat puppies born by mothers consuming soybean extract. Asian Pacific J Reprod [Internet]. 2016;5(6):506–9.DOI:10.1016/j.apjr.2016.10.009

Luo Q, Li Y, Huang C, Cheng D, Ma W, Xia Y, et al. Soy isoflavones improve the spermatogenic defects in diet-induced obesity rats through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Molecules. 2019;24(16):1–17.

Saylam B, Çayan S. Do antioxidants improve serum sex hormones and total motile sperm count in idiopathic infertile men? Turkish Journal of Urology. 2020;46(6):442–8.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2023 Saira Safdar, Irfan Afzal Mughal, Noor Ul Ain, Sidra Jabeen, Muhammad Hassaan Farooq, Asma Irfan