PATRON
Muhammad Umar
Vice Chancellor, RMU
EDITOR
Muhammad Khurram
Professor and Dean of Medicine
ASSOCIATE EDITOR
Arsalan Manzoor Mughal
Associate Professor of Anatomy
MANAGING EDITORS
Khaula Noreen
Associate Professor of Community Medicine
Faiza Aslam
Research Fellow,NIHR-Global Health Research Centre for IMPACT
Rizwana Shahid
Associate Professor of Community Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University
Farrah Pervaiz
Associate Professor of Community Medicine & Additional Director R&D
EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Naeem Akhtar
Professor of Pathology, Rawalpindi Medical University
Jehangir Sarwar Khan
Professor of Surgery & Principal, Rawalpindi Medical University
Asad Tameezuddin
Professor of Psychiatry, Rawalpindi Medical University
Ifra Saeed
Professor of Anatomy, Rawalpindi Medical University
Riaz Ahmed
Dean of Orthopaedics, Neurosurgery & Trauma, Rawalpindi Medical University
Ayesha Yousaf
Professor of Anatomy, Rawalpindi Medical University
SECTION EDITORS
Sadia Chaudhry
Professor of ENT, Rawalpindi Medical University
Humera Noreen
Professor of Gynae/Obs, Rawalpindi Medical University
Saima Ambreen
Associate Professor of Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University
Usman Qureshi
Associate Professor of Surgery, Rawalpindi Medical University
Obaid Ur Rehman
Associate Professor of Orthopeadics, Rawalpindi Medical University
Sidra Hamid
Assistant Professor of Physiology, Rawalpindi Medical University
Attiya Munir
Assistant Professor of Pharmacology, Rawalpindi Medical University
MANAGERS
Javeria Tariq
Senior Manager JRMC
Raza Kazmi
Junior Manager JRMC
AMERICAS
David L Carlocke
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Weil Cornell University, New York, USA
Noreen Mahbano Aziz
Professor Physician at National Institutes of Health, USA
Faiz Anwer
Staff Physician, Associate Professor, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA
Muhammad Bilal
Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Colorado, USA
Sohail Akram
Professor of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
Imran Mirza
Adjunct Professor, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry,University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
Babar Rao
Professor of Dermatology & Pathology, Director, Rutgers Center for Dermatology, NY, USA
Shifa Umar
Assistant Professor Betsi Baylor College of Medicine, Houston , TX
Bushra Anwar
BMY Health, Canada
Sohail Aman
Assistant Professor, Mobile Infirmary Medical Center, USA
Muhammad Fateh Shahzad
Chairman, Department of Medicine, Betsi Tallaght Haggin Memorial Hospital, Kentucky
Asif Mohiuddin
MD, Florida, USA
EUROPE
Atif Rahman
Professor of Child Psychiatry,University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
Muhammad Tariq
Associate Professor and consultant Paediatrician,Midland Regional Hospital And University College Dublin Ireland
Saadat Ahsan
GP Partner,Southgates Medical Centre, Kings' Lynn, Norfolk, UK
Chaudhry Shahzeb Shahid
Registrar Psychiatry, Betsi Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
Shahid Latif
Consultant Psychiatrist, Medical Director at St. Matthews Healthcare, UK
Ayaz Abbasi
University of Greater Manchester Uk
Asif Naqvi
Lincolnshire, UK
Saqib Ahmad
Sherwood Forest, NHS, Uk
Qasim Aziz
Queen Mary College, London, Uk
Asem Ali
Consultant Stroke Physician, Northern Lincolnshire and Goole NHS Foundation Trust
ASIA
Alam Sher Mailk
Professor International Medical School, Management and Science University, Malaysia
Bilal Haider Shamsi
Assoc. Professor, Postgraduate Supervisor Northwest University China
Muhammad Iftikhar Hanif
Professor of Orthopaedics, Newcastle University Medicine, Malaysia
Hasnain Ali Johar
Consultant Family Medicine, Medi Family Polyclinic, Dubai
Muhammad Asif Qureshi
Professor of Paediatric Surgery,Dawadmi General Hospital,Riyadh, KSA
Mamoon Yousuf
Consultant Hamad International Hospital, Qatar
AUSTRALIA
Mahmood Alam
Director Clinical Trials Unit, Cancer Care Macarthur, Australia
Asrar Khan
Consultant Nephrologist and Senior Clinical lecturer, University of Wollonogong, Australia
Bashir Gondal
Consultant Emergency Physician, Monash Health/Monash University
Muhammad Shahbaz Chaudhry,
Principal Medical Director, ProHealth Family Medical Centres, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Majid Naeem Gondal
Citi Medical Melbourne Australia
Yousuf Ahmad
Managing Director and GP Educator, Inglis Medical
AFRICA
Khalid M Mirza
Specialist Surgeon, Mayfair, Johannesburg , South Africa
Abdul Ghaffar
Regional Director EMRO WHO, Cario Egypt
National Editors
Sindh
Masood Hameed Khan,
Professor Emeritus,Ex Vice Chancellor Dow University Karachi
Ikram Din Ujjan
Prof of Pathology and Vice chancellor, liaqauat university of medical & Health sciences Jamshoro
Abdul Basit
Director, Indus Diabetes and Endocrinology Center, Karachi
Muhammad Sadik Memon
Professor of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Asian Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad
Shabeen Naz Masood
Prof. Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medicare Cardiac and General Hospital, Karachi
Shehla M Baqai
Professor of Obstetrics & Gynaecology,Principal BUMC, Karachi
Arshad Hussain Abro
Prof of Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro
Meesha Iqbal
Consultant of Community Sciences,Aga Khan University, Karachi.
Santosh Kumar
Professor, Liaqat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro
Islamabad Capital Territory
Shahzad Ali Khan
Vice Chancellor, Health Services Academy Islamabad
Tanwir Khaliq
Professor Surgery,Ex Vice Chancellor SZABMU Islamabad
Nasir Mahmood
Vice Chancellor, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad
Muhammad Aslam
Pro-Vice Chancellor, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Islamabad
Umar Ali Khan
Professor of Physiology, Pro Vice Chancellor, Isra University, Islamabad
Farrukh Saeed,
Pro-VC Academics, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS)
Najm Us Saqib Khan
Former Pro Vice Chancellor & Director General Health Services, Bahria University, Pakistan Navy, Islamabad
Suhail Amin
Professor of Orthopaedics, Principal Army Medical College, NUMS, Islamabad
Shazia Nisar
Vice Principal, NUMS
Azmat Hayat
Head cardiac EP PIMS, Islamabad
Tasawur Hussain
Professor of Medicine, Foundation University Medical College, Islamabad
Fareed Minhas
Director Center for Global Mental Health Pakistan
Razia Kaniz Fatima
Chief Research and Surveillance at the Common management unit, TB, HIV, AIDS and Malaria, Islamabad
Parvez Ahmed
Director BMT QIH Islamabad
Muzammil Hasan Najmi
Professor of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and Associate Dean, Foundation University Medical College, Islamabad
Humera Mahmood
Chief Oncologist and Director, Atomic Energy Cancer Hospital, NORI Islamabad
Bilal Ahmed
Principal School of Dentistry, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad
Asma Irfan
Head of the Department of Physiology, Islamabad Medical & Dental College, Pakistan, Islamabad
Abdul Wahab Dogar
Professor of Surgery and Allied, Islamabad
Tariq Iqbal
Professor & Chair Plastic, Burns Reconstructive Surgery,Director/ Head of Burns Care Centre PIMS Islamabad
Hamid Shafeeq
Professor of Medicine, HITEC
Matiur Rahman
Dean Allied Health Sciences, Health Services Academy Islamabad
Azmat Hayat
Head Cardiac Unit, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad
Tariq Mehmood Ali
Dean Social Sciences, HAS, Islamabad
Punjab
Masood Sadiq
Vice Chancellor, Children's University Lahore
Ghias un Nabi Tayyab
Prof and Principal Retd, Punjab Health Department
Mehnaz Khakwani
Vice Chancellor, Nishtar Medical University, Multan
Zafar Ali Choudry
Vice Chancellor, Faisalabad Medical University
Abdul Majeed Chaudhry
Professor of Surgery, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore
Muhammad Waris Farooka
Professor of Surgery, Principal Sargodha Medical College, Sargodha
Zafar Iqbal Sheikh
Professor of Dermatology, Rawalpindi Medical University
Muhammad Farooq Afzal
Professor of Surgery, Chairman, Department of Surgery, PGMI, Army Medical College, Lahore
Parvez Ahmed
Medical Director,Pathwel Center of Hematology & BMT Rawalpindi
Sidrah Saleem
Professor & Head Dept. of Microbiology,University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
Muhammad Imran Hasan Khan
Professor of Medicine/Endocrinology, Principal Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal
Zohra Khanum
Principal SIMS, Services Hospital, Lahore
Mehmood Shaukat
Ex Principal, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore
Qazi Masroor Ali
Former HOD Medicine and Director Department of Medical Education, Bahawal-Victoria Hospital. Bahawalpur
Abdul Wahab Dogar
Professor of Surgery and Allied, Quaid-e-Azam International Hospital, Rawalpindi
Sohail Aziz
Professor of Cardiology, Fauji Foundation Medical University, Rawalpindi
Abdul Majeed Chaudhry
Dean Lahore Medical & Dental College, Lahore
Musfireh Siddiqeh
Professor of cardiac surgery, Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology
Iqbal Hussain Dogar
Principal, Professor of Radiology, GMC and Allied Teaching Hospitals Gujranwala
Humaira Akram
Chairperson & HOD Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Ex Principal Sargodha Medical College, Sargodha
Dr Muhammad Saleem Laghari
Principal/Prof of Pediatrics, Sheikh Zayed Medical College, Raheem Yar Khan
Soufia Farrukh
Head of Department of Ophthalmology, Principal Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur
Imran Fazal
Principal, Fauji Foundation Medical University, Rawalpindi
Nadeem Qureshi
Associate Dean, Pakistan Institute of Ophthalmology, Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi
Wajiha Rizwan
Children's Hospital, Lahore
Zahid Bashir Muhammed
Principal, Shalamar Medical & Dental College, Lahore
Somia Iqtadar
Associate Professor of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore
KPK
Zia Ul-Haq
Vice Chancellor, Khyber Medical University
Aamir Ghafoor Khan
Chair of Division Of GI, Hepatology & Nutrition, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar
Salma Kundi
Principal Women Medical College Abbottabad
BALOCHISTAN
Shabir Ahmad Lehri
Vice Chancellor, Bolan University of Health & Medical Sciences, Quetta
Naqib Ullah Achakzai
Bolan University of Medical and Health Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan